Granular fluid thermostated by a bath of elastic hard spheres

Abstract

The homogeneous steady state of a fluid of inelastic hard spheres immersed in a bath of elastic hard spheres kept at equilibrium is analyzed by means of the first Sonine approximation to the (spatially homogeneous) Enskog-Boltzmann equation. The temperature of the granular fluid relative to the bath temperature and the kurtosis of the granular distribution function are obtained as functions of the coefficient of restitution, the mass ratio, and a dimensionless parameter [Formula presented] measuring the cooling rate relative to the friction constant. Comparison with recent results obtained from an iterative numerical solution of the Enskog-Boltzmann equation [Biben et al., Physica A 310, 308 (2002)] shows an excellent agreement. Several limiting cases are also considered. In particular, when the granular particles are much heavier than the bath particles (but have a comparable size and number density), it is shown that the bath acts as a white noise external driving. In the general case, the Sonine approximation predicts the lack of a steady state if the control parameter [Formula presented] is larger than a certain critical value [Formula presented] that depends on the coefficient of restitution and the mass ratio. However, this phenomenon appears outside the expected domain of applicability of the approximation. © 2003 The American Physical Society.