Impact of a Pilot Adaptive Sports Intervention on Residents at a Skilled Nursing Facility

Abstract

The purpose of this pilot study was to measure the impact of an adaptive sports intervention on several outcomes including the components of self-determination (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness), loneliness, and mobility for residents of a skilled nursing facility (SNFs). This study employed a physician-prescribed, 4-week adaptive sports intervention specifically adapted for the residents of a SNF. The program was administered by Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists® (CTRS), and facilitated six participants in weekly practice (basketball, baseball, golf, shuffleboard) and competition against residents in other local facilities. This mixed-methods study employed pre-test/post-test outcome evaluation using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNSS) (competence, autonomy, relatedness), Timed Up and Go Test, as well as structured qualitative interviews. Results of this study showed improvements for all participants across most or all cognitive, physical, emotional, and/or social domains and all measures showed positive movement. Results also suggested improvements in identity, belonging, importance, and the potential for transfer of these benefits to greater social engagement, lower fall risk, and decreased depression. Practical recommendations are provided. In addition, replication and expansion of this design is warranted.