Role of systemic inflammatory factors in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT): From biology to theragnosis

Abstract

Aim: Systemic inflammatory factors have been validated as indicators of ongoing systemic inflammation that could be predictive markers of poor prognosis for oncological outcomes. However, the prognostic impact of systemic inflammation markers is unknown in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective, multicentric study of 40 patients with GEP or unknown origin NETs treated with PRRT between 2016 and 2020. The systemic inflammatory markers were calculated as follows: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) = neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) = monocyte count/lymphocyte count, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) = platelet count/lymphocyte count, albumin to lymphocyte ratio (ALR) = albumin levels/lymphocyte count and derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) = neutrophil count/(leucocytes count – neutrophils count). Baseline analysis and after the second dose were used for the calculation of different ratios. Results: The median age was 63 years (range 41–85), 55% were male. The baseline cut-off values for NLR were 2.61, for MLR 0.31, for PLR 110.14, for ALR 2.39 and for dNLR 1.71. The cut-off values after the 2° dose were, for NLR 2.3, for MLR 0.3, for PLR 131.61, ALR 4.16, and dNLR 1.48. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 21.7 months (95% CI 10.7–32.8 months) and overall survival (OS) was 32.1 months (95% CI 19.6–44.7 months), PFS was shorter in patients with elevated NLR (P = 0.001), ALR (0.03), and dNLR (P = 0.001) in baseline analysis. DCR was 81% and ORR 18%. Conclusions: In GEP or unknown origin NETs treated with PRRT, we have identified the predictive and prognostic impact of baseline systemic inflammatory factors.