Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis B

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health issue. While cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma commonly affect patients with chronic HBV, extrahepatic manifestations are often unappreciated. Recent Findings: Extrahepatic manifestations can be variable in presentation but include several commonly described syndromes including HBV-related nephropathy, vasculitides, dermatitis, and arthritis. However, recently described entities include hematologic and neurologic manifestations. Summary: The primary immune-mediated mechanism common to many extrahepatic manifestations involves viral antigen-triggered immune complex formation. Initiation of antiviral treatment is associated with clinical response in most cases of extrahepatic disease; thus, recognition of these manifestations is essential to mitigating associated morbidity and mortality.