Energy potential of thermal systems use of urban solid waste in Brazil

Abstract

The United Nations suggested energy recovery and circular economy strategies in compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals. Municipal solid waste (MSW) energy utilization in thermal systems has emerged as a substitute for the ultimate waste disposal method commonly utilized in developed countries. However, it is still in the beginning stage in developing or underdeveloped countries. Therefore, this study analyzes the potential for energy generation in Brazilian regions, as well as applies and compares gasification and incineration technologies. The findings suggest incineration is more effective than gasification, particularly in areas with higher urban population density. For instance, in the Southeast, gasification has a 0.24 MWh.t1 potential for energy generation, but incineration has a 0.62 MWh.t1 potential. It was also found that the new treatment alternatives implementation will contribute to the expansion of the Brazilian electrical matrix by 5%, as well as the diversification of MSW management options. Strategies are still required, nevertheless, to promote the use of these technologies across the country. Furthermore, this work aims to contribute to the energy recovery of waste that is in landfills or inappropriately destined.