Efficacy and safety of novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone in the management of diabetic kidney disease: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Data are scant on use of finerenone in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We undertook this meta-analysis to address this knowledge gap. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving diabetes patients receiving finerenone compared to controls. The primary outcome was changes in urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR). Secondary outcomes were time to kidney failure (decline in GFR by >40% from baseline over 4 weeks), time to end-stage kidney disease, hospitalization for any cause, death and adverse events reported. Results: From initially screened 79 articles, data from 7 RCTs involving 13,783 patients were analyzed (3 in active control group [ACG] defined as having eplerenone/spironolactone as active comparator; 4 in passive control group [PCG] defined as having placebo as controls). Patients receiving finerenone had greater percentage lowering of UACR from baseline as compared to PCG [MD23.82% (95%CI: -24.87 to -22.77); P < 0.01; I 2 = 96%] at 90 days, after 2 years [MD 37.9% (95%CI: -38.09 to -37.71); P < 0.01] and 4 years [MD 25.20%(95%CI: -25.63 to -24.77);P < 0.01] of treatment. Patients receiving finerenone has lower chance of >40% decline in GFR (OR 0.83 [95%CI: 0.75 to 0.92];P < 0.01; I 2 = 0%). Patients receiving finerenone had lower occurrence of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or hospitalization for heart failure, as compared to placebo/eplerenone (OR0.86 [95%CI: 0.78 to 0.95]; P = 0.003; I 2 = 0%). TAEs was similar (RR0.97 [95%CI: 0.88-1.07]; P = 0.56; I 2 = 0%), but SAEs significantly lower (RR0.91 [95%CI: 0.84 to 0.97]; P < 0.01; I 2 = 0%) in finerenone-group compared to controls. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides reassuring data on beneficial impact of finerenone in reducing UACR and GFR decline as compared to placebo. We still lack head-to-head comparison of renal outcomes of finerenone vs eplerenone/spironolactone in DKD.