Lewis acid catalysts: A potential exploitation for zinc and nickel phytoextraction

Abstract

We explore the outlines of an innovative method, which is the chemical recovery of heavy metal contaminated biomass produced through phytoextraction technologies. Taking advantage of the adaptive capacity of certain plants to hyperaccumulate metallic cations in their aerial parts, the design of this program is based on the direct use of metal derived from plants as supported 'Lewis acid' catalysts in organic chemistry. These original polymetallic systems serve as heterogeneous catalysts in synthetic transformations allowing access to molecules with high added value: results for Friedel-Crafts acylations and alkylations are presented here. The acetylation of anisole and benzylation of toluene are considered in more details. The design of processes aims to reduce environmental impacts at each step and the method is adapted to the principles of Green Chemistry. It can constitute an incentive for the economic development of phytoextraction to remediate trace metal contamination; and it is also a concrete solution to the criticality of non-renewable mineral materials. © 2012 WIT Press.