Stimuli-responsive active materials for dynamic control of light field

Abstract

The increasing demand for the multidimensional and dynamic control of light has spurred the development of stimuli-responsive, reconfigurable, and programmable optical systems. Liquid crystals (LCs), which combine liquid-like stimuli-responsiveness and crystal-like orientational ordering, have emerged as highly appealing soft materials. Owing to their exceptional optical performance and programmable functionalities, they are becoming incredibly important materials in active planar optics and photonics. Additionally, silk proteins, luminescent materials, and metasurfaces exhibit dynamic optical properties, enabling remarkable multifunctional applications. This review focuses on the advancements in stimuli-responsive materials, including LCs, silk proteins, luminescent materials, and active metasurfaces as well as some of these materials paired with LCs. Their attractive tunable applications in optics and photonics, along with the great potential for the future development of active optical systems, are also emphasized.