Reframing Reality: Nāgārjuna’s Philosophy of Emptiness and Its Ethical Implications

Abstract

This study examines Nāgārjuna’s philosophical principles of impermanence (anicca) and emptiness (śūnyatā), focusing on their critique of essentialist metaphysics and relevance to contemporary global challenges. Centered on the doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda (dependent origination), the research explores Nāgārjuna’s vision of reality as dynamic and interconnected. Using qualitative library research, it analyses Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (The Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way) through the lenses of Buddhist philosophy, comparative metaphysics, and systems thinking. Findings reveal that Nāgārjuna’s rejection of intrinsic essence (svabhāva) and permanence (ātman) dismantles static ontological paradigms, offering a relational ontology aligned with systems thinking. This perspective addresses challenges like climate change, social polarization, and existential anxiety, proposing holistic solutions rooted in mindfulness, resilience, and compassion. By integrating Nāgārjuna’s insights into ethical and practical domains, the study highlights his timeless contributions to fostering sustainability and collective well-being. This research provides a robust critique of dualistic thinking while demonstrating the transformative potential of Nāgārjuna’s philosophy in creating a more harmonious and interconnected future