We characterize the energetic footprint of a two-qubit quantum gate from the perspective of non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics. We experimentally reconstruct the statistics of energy and entropy fluctuations following the implementation of a controlled-unitary gate, linking them to the performance of the gate itself and the phenomenology of Landauer’s principle at the single-quantum level. Our work thus addresses the energetic cost of operating quantum circuits, a problem that is crucial for the grounding of the upcoming quantum technologies.
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Cimini, V., Gherardini, S., Barbieri, M., Gianani, I., Sbroscia, M., Buffoni, L., … Caruso, F. (2020). Experimental characterization of the energetics of quantum logic gates. Npj Quantum Information, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-020-00325-7