Self-efficacy status and influential factors of fluid intake in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Abstract

Introduction: To explore the self-efficacy status and influential factors of fluid intake in patients on hemodialysis. Methods: Between August and October 2023, 183 patients undergoing hemodialysis were recruited from a tertiary hospital using convenience sampling. Self-efficacy was assessed using the Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory (FIAI), a validated questionnaire comprising physiological, emotional, social, and environmental dimensions. Independent sample t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the impact of factors such as dialysis duration, dry body weight, and medication for kidney disease on self-efficacy. Results: A total of 181 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean FIAI score was 219.10 ± 64.27, indicating a moderate level of self-efficacy in fluid intake. Univariate analysis showed that dialysis duration, dry body weight, and medication use significantly influenced fluid intake self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified dialysis duration (beta [β] = 0.406, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.021–0.792), medication for kidney disease (β = −0.900, 95% CI: −1.490 to −0.310), and dry body weight (β = −0.600, 95% CI: −1.058 to −0.142) as independent influencing factors (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients on hemodialysis were found to have moderate levels of fluid intake self-efficacy. Patients with long dialysis duration, no medication for kidney disease, and low dry body weight have higher self-efficacy. Findings in this study suggest that personalized guidance based on the characteristics of different patients should be provided by nursing staff to enhance patient self-efficacy in fluid intake and their quality of life.