Dynamics of Islamic Education in the Land of Bugis: Growth, Development and Typology Pesantren in Bone

Abstract

This article examines the historical development of pesantren in the land of Bugis, South Sulawesi, especially in Bone. Pesantren is a unique traditional educational institution in Indonesia, and it is also known in some areas in Southeast Asia, including in Aceh (dayah), in Minangkabau (surau), in Java (pesantren), in Malaysia (pondok), and in South Thailand (phono). Pesantren in South Sulawesi was first originated in a mosque in Makassar for Bontoala recitals, initiated by Datok Ri Bandang in the 17th century. While in Bone, it was first in Masjid al-Mujahidin by Fakih Amrullah, the First Kadi of Bone Kingdom. There was a renewal of pesantren, especially after the 1970s. It was previously only for Qur'an and book recitation then adopted to be madrasah system with a classical model and some general lessons were also added along with the preserved traditional system. Based on the background of the establishment, there are three types of pesantren, namely (1) schools with mosque-based, (2) prominent boarding schools, and (3) large boarding schools outside of Bone. The curriculum is divided into two types including salafiyah or traditional boarding school and khalafiyah or modern boarding school.