Evaluation of lifestyle and quality of life in the elderly: a literature review

  • Ferreira L
  • Meireles J
  • Ferreira M
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Abstract

Abstract Objective: to analyze Brazilian and non-Brazilian scientific production that considers the relationship between the lifestyle and quality of life of the elderly. Method: an integrative review of literature was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, Virtual Health Library and PsycINFO databases. Four cross-searches were adopted: the English synonyms of the word "elderly" ("Aged", "Aging", "Old age" and "Elderly") with the terms "Quality of life" and "Lifestyle". Results: after the adoption of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were analyzed. Physical activity, diet, body composition, alcohol intake, smoking and social relations were the main components of lifestyle investigated. The studies show that these factors influence the perception of the quality of life of the elderly. In addition to these factors, sociodemographic characteristics, functional capacity, sleep quality and comorbidities are also factors that influence the quality of life of the elderly. Conclusion: interest in the relationship between the lifestyle and quality of life of the elderly has increased in recent years. It was observed that the lifestyle of the elderly has been investigated in several ways, however no qualitative studies were found using the search criteria adopted in this review. As future perspectives, it is hoped that tools for evaluating the lifestyle of the elderly will be developed and qualitative investigations will be carried out in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the specificities that exist in the relationship between the lifestyle and levels of quality of life in old age.Resumo Objetivo: analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional que relaciona estilo e qualidade de vida de idosos. Método: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e PsycINFO. Adotou-se quatro cruzamentos: os sinônimos em inglês da palavra “idoso” (“Aged”, “Aging”, “Old age” e “Elderly”), com os termos “Quality of life” e “Lifestyle”. Resultados: após a adoção dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram analisados 24 artigos. A atividade física, a alimentação, a composição corporal, a ingestão de álcool, o tabagismo e as relações sociais foram os principais componentes do estilo de vida investigados. Os estudos demonstram que esses fatores influenciam na percepção da qualidade de vida de idosos. Além desses fatores, as características sociodemográficos, a capacidade funcional, a qualidade do sono e as comorbidades, também são fatores que influenciam na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Conclusão: o interesse na relação entre o estilo e qualidade de vida de idosos tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Foi possível observar que o estilo de vida de idosos vem sendo pesquisado de variadas formas. Espera-se como perspectivas futuras que sejam desenvolvidas ferramentas de avaliação do estilo de vida de idosos e também investigações qualitativas de forma a conseguir obter uma compreensão mais aprofundada sobre as especificidades existentes na relação do Estilo de Vida e dos níveis de qualidade de vida na velhice.

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APA

Ferreira, L. K., Meireles, J. F. F., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2018). Evaluation of lifestyle and quality of life in the elderly: a literature review. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 21(5), 616–627. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.180028

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