Transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography: Methodology, applications for research and cilinics

Abstract

Combined use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a highly informative cutting edge technology which is relevant for fundamental, clinical and translational research. Unique capabilities of TMS-EEG approach allow to assess the functional state and connectivity of brain regions thus opening new prospects for the evaluation of the TMS effects in non-motor cortical areas. TMS-EEG responses have diagnostic and prognostic potential for many neurological and mental illnesses. Simultaneous co-registration of TMS with EEG remains a technically sophisticated procedure and requires specialized equipment in conjunction with application of complex data analysis techniques. This review describes the details of TMS-EEG technique, principles of the experiment design, the shape and the reproducibility of TMS-evoked responses and applications of this promising approach both in research and in clinics.