Supraorbital vs Endo-Orbital Routes to the Lateral Skull Base: A Quantitative and Qualitative Anatomic Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Various extensions of the supraorbital approach reach the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions by removing the orbital rim and greater/lesser sphenoid wings. Recent proposals of a purely endoscopic ventral transorbital pathway to these regions heighten the need to compare these surgical windows. OBJECTIVE: To detail the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions and quantify exposures by 2 surgical windows (transcranial and transorbital) through anatomic study. METHODS: In 5 cadaveric specimens (10 sides), dissections consisted of 3 stages: stage 1 began with the supraorbital approach via the eyebrow; stage 2, endo-orbital approach via the superior eyelid, continued with removal of lesser and greater sphenoid wings; and stage 3, extended supraorbital, re-evaluated the gains of stage 2 from the perspective of stage 1. Operative working areas were quantified in Sylvian, anterolateral temporal, and parasellar regions; bone removal volumes were measured at each stage (nonpaired Student t-test). RESULTS: Visualization into the anterolateral temporal and Sylvian areas, though varied in perspective, were comparable with either eyelid or transcranial routes. Compared with transcranial views through a supraorbital window, the eyelid approach significantly increased exposure in the parasellar region with wider angle of attack (P < .01) and achieved comparable bone removal volumes. CONCLUSION: Stage 2's unique anatomic view of the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions paves theway for possible surgical application to select pathologies typically treated via transcranial approaches.Disadvantagesmay be the surgeon's unfamiliarity with the anatomy of this purely endoscopic, ventral route and difficulties of dural and orbital repair.