Relearning Vernacular Wisdom for Thermal Comfort: Assessing Climate-Responsiveness in Modern Housing Clusters of Banda Aceh

Abstract

This study evaluates the thermal responsiveness of six modern housing clusters in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, by comparing their spatial and architectural patterns with traditional Acehnese settlements. Field observations and photographic documentation were conducted by the research team using a standardized five-point scale to assess seven variables: building orientation, roof shape and ventilation, vegetation, openings, airflow, site condition, and wall color. Scoring was determined through team-based consensus and cross-checked with local climatic data to ensure consistency. Results show that southern clusters (P1WS and P2WS) achieved the highest thermal responsiveness scores (31 and 27), characterized by optimal orientation, ventilated roofs, and surrounding greenery. In contrast, northern clusters (P1WU and P2WU) scored the lowest (15 and 18) due to poor ventilation, dense layouts, and a lack of vegetation. Radar and bar chart analyses confirm that southern clusters better integrate passive design strategies aligned with Banda Aceh’s wind patterns. The study concludes that incorporating vernacular principles, such as vegetation buffers, roof ridge ventilation, and north-south orientation into modern housing can significantly enhance thermal comfort and sustainability in tropical urban environments. These findings provide empirical benchmarks for integrating traditional climate-responsive design into contemporary housing development in post-disaster and climate-sensitive regions.