Transvenous embolization of moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus in dogs using the Amplatzer vascular plug II

Abstract

Background: Catheter-based occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can be performed using different devices. Transvenous embolization using the Amplatzer vascular plug II (AVP-II) has been studied in humans, but it has not been described in dogs. Objective: Evaluate the feasibility and success of transvenous embolization of PDA using the AVP-II in dogs. Animals: Nineteen client-owned dogs with left-to-right shunting PDA, with minimal ductal diameter >2.5 mm. Methods: Prospective observational study using AVP-II with transvenous access for PDA closure in dogs. Results: Angiography showed a conical ductus with a long (n = 17) or short (n = 2) ampulla. The minimal diameter of the duct was 4.34 ± 1.11 mm, and the maximal diameter of the ampulla was 13.18 ± 3.47 mm. Technical success was achieved in 18 of the 19 (94.7%) patients after the first intervention and in all 19 (100%) patients after the second intervention. Postrelease angiography documented complete occlusion of the PDA in 10 of 19 (52.6%) dogs. Mild flow acceleration or stenosis of the left pulmonary artery was found in 6 and 1 of the 17 analyzed cases, respectively, by Doppler examination. The closure rate 24 hours after intervention was 94.7% (18/19). The remaining dog had a moderate residual shunt, and delayed complete closure after 3 months led to a 100% closure rate. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The AVP-II is a safe and effective device for transvenous embolization in dogs with moderate to large PDA.