Muller's ratchet with compensatory mutations

Abstract

We consider an infinite-dimensional system of stochastic differential equations describing the evolution of type frequencies in a large population. The type of an individual is the number of deleterious mutations it carries, where fitness of individuals carrying k mutations is decreased by αk for some α > 0. Along the individual lines of descent, new mutations accumulate at rate λ per generation, and each of these mutations has a probability γ per generation to disappear. While the case γ = 0 is known as (the Fleming-Viot version of) Muller's ratchet, the case γ >0 is associated with compensatory mutations in the biological literature. We show that the system has a unique weak solution. In the absence of random fluctuations in type frequencies (i.e., for the so-called infinite population limit) we obtain the solution in a closed form by analyzing a probabilistic particle system and show that forγ >0, the unique equilibrium state is the Poisson distribution with parameter λ/(γ +α). © Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2012.