Nivel de adaptación al contexto táctico en futbolistas juveniles (Level of adaptation to the tactical context in youth football players)

Abstract

El objetivo del estudio fue describir el nivel de adaptación al contexto táctico en los principios operacionales de conservar, progresar el balón y finalizar en jugadores de fútbol juvenil entre el primer y segundo tiempo de juego. El diseño fue no experimental-descriptivo con participación de 16 futbolistas (Edad Me= 14, RI= 1 años; estatura x̄= 165, DE= .06 cm; masa x̄= 55.29, DE= 5.21 Kg; experiencia deportiva x̄= 7.84, DE= 1.34 años). Se utilizó para la recolección de la información la Herramienta de Evaluación del Rendimiento de Juego valido y confiable para esta edad (α= .97) a través de un juego modificado de fútbol con una estructura 5+portero vs 5+portero. Los datos se resumen con proporciones e intervalos de confianza. En el análisis bivariado se estableció diferencias de proporciones entre el primer y segundo tiempo mediante el test de McNemar para datos emparejados. Se registraron en total 191 unidades de toma de decisión con un promedio de porcentaje de efectividad en los principios del 79.48%. Los resultados mostraron que el principio de conservar tuvo un descenso en el segundo tiempo con relación al primero (-2.26%), sin implicar diferencias significativas (p= .16). Por otra parte, en el principio de progresar el balón tuvo mayor rendimiento en el segundo tiempo (37.33%) encontrando diferencias significativas entre ambos tiempos (p< .01); el principio de finalizar registró una diferencia del 33.33% a favor del segundo tiempo. En la efectividad total de la adaptación al contexto táctico se encontró un mayor rendimiento en el segundo tiempo (24.37%) con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< .01). El estudio concluye que los futbolistas tienen una mejor adaptación al contexto táctico en el segundo tiempo que en el primer tiempo en el juego.  Abstract. The objective of the study was to describe the level of adaptation to the tactical context in the operational principles of maintaining possession of the ball, penetrating the defense, and attacking the goal in youth soccer players between the first and second half of the game. The design was non-experimental-descriptive with the participation of 16 soccer players (Age Me= 14, IR= 1 years; height x̄= 165, SD= .06 cm; mass x̄= 55.29, SD= 5.21 kg; sport experience x̄= 7.84, SD= 1.34 years). The valid and reliable Game Performance Evaluation Tool for this age (α = .97) was used to collect the information through a modified soccer game with a structure 5 + goalkeeper vs 5 + goalkeeper. Data are summarized with proportions and confidence intervals. The bivariate analysis, differences of proportions was established between the first and second time using the McNemar test for paired data. A total of 191 decision-making units were registered with an average percentage of effectiveness in the principles of 79.48%. The results showed that the principle of conserving had a decrease in the second half in relation to the first (-2.26%) without implying significant differences (p= .16). On the other hand, the principle of progressing it had a greater performance in the second time (37.33%) finding significant differences between both times (p< .01); in the principle of finishing there is a 33.33% difference between the times. In the total effectiveness of the adaptation to the tactical context, a greater performance was found in the second time (24.37%), finding statistically significant differences (p< .01). The study concludes that soccer players have a better adaptation to the tactical context in the second half than in the first half of the game.The objective of the study was to describe the level of adaptation to the tactical context in the operational principles of maintaining possession of the ball, penetrating the defense, and attacking the goal in youth soccer players between the first and second half of the game. The design was non-experimental-descriptive with the participation of 16 soccer players (Age Me= 14, IR= 1 years; height x̄= 165, SD= .06 cm; mass x̄= 55.29, SD= 5.21 kg; sport experience x̄= 7.84, SD= 1.34 years). The valid and reliable Game Performance Evaluation Tool for this age (α = .97) was used to collect the information through a modified soccer game with a structure 5 + goalkeeper vs 5 + goalkeeper. Data are summarized with proportions and confidence intervals. The bivariate analysis, differences of proportions was established between the first and second time using the McNemar test for paired data. A total of 191 decision-making units were registered with an average percentage of effectiveness in the principles of 79.48%. The results showed that the principle of conserving had a decrease in the second half in relation to the first (-2.26%) without implying significant differences (p= .16). On the other hand, the principle of progressing it had a greater performance in the second time (37.33%) finding significant differences between both times (p< .01); in the principle of finishing there is a 33.33% difference between the times. In the total effectiveness of the adaptation to the tactical context, a greater performance was found in the second time (24.37%), finding statistically significant differences (p< .01). The study concludes that soccer players have a better adaptation to the tactical context in the second half than in the first half of the game.O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o nível de adaptação ao contexto tático nos princípios operacionais de manutenção, avanço da bola e finalização em jogadores de futebol juvenil entre o primeiro e o segundo tempo. O projeto foi não experimental descritivo com a participação de 16 jogadores de futebol (Idade Me = 14, IR = 1 ano; altura x̄ = 165, DP = 0,06 cm; massa x̄ = 55,29, DP = 5,21 Kg; experiência esportiva x̄ = 7,84, SD = 1,34 anos). A Ferramenta de Avaliação de Desempenho de Jogo válida e confiável para essa idade (α = 0,97) foi usada para coletar as informações por meio de um jogo de futebol modificado com uma estrutura 5 + goleiro vs 5 + goleiro. Os dados são resumidos com proporções e intervalos de confiança. Na análise bivariada, diferenças de proporções foram estabelecidas entre a primeira e a segunda vez por meio do teste de McNemar para dados pareados. Foram cadastradas 191 unidades decisórias com percentual médio de efetividade nos princípios de 79,48%. Os resultados mostraram que o princípio de conservar diminuiu no segundo semestre em relação ao primeiro (-2,26%), sem implicar em diferenças significativas (p = 0,16). Por outro lado, no início da progressão a bola teve um desempenho superior no segundo tempo (37,33%), encontrando diferenças significativas entre os dois tempos (p <0,01); o início da chegada registrou uma diferença de 33,33% a favor do segundo tempo. Na eficácia total de adaptação ao contexto tático, foi encontrado um desempenho superior no segundo tempo (24,37%) com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p <0,01). O estudo conclui que os jogadores de futebol se adaptam melhor ao contexto tático no segundo tempo do que no primeiro tempo.