Implementation of E.Dulcis as Albumin-coated Biomaterial Patch and Organic Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy on Melanoma Cell Cancer

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that relies on photosensitizer administration and light-based activation. The use of chlorophyll as a photosensitizer is due to the abundance of chlorophyll in nature, especially in Indonesia, which is a tropical country. An obstacle to applying chlorophyll as a photosensitizer is the low stability of chlorophyll, so modifications are needed to obtain stable chlorophyll. The coating is a chlorophyll modification method that allows for a more straightforward synthesis and can increase its stability. This research aimed to implement the extracted Eleocharis dulcis (E.dulcis) as a chlorophyll source and modify it into an albumin-coated biomaterial as a photosensitizer. The modification results can be applied as patches to obtain albumin-modified biomaterial patches with maximum absorption at wavelengths between 650-750 nm and purity >95%. The photosensitizer chlorophyll coating results from the surface modification method of chlorophyll isolate of E.dulcis weed with albumin, which has stable, high hydrophilicity properties and low toxicity. The photosensitizer was then applied to achieve apoptotic melanoma cancer cell death, and red–near-infrared laser exposure was used to get high apoptotic results. In this research, PDT with a laser energy dose of 20 J/cm2, along with the addition of a photosensitizer on melanoma cell cancer, reached the highest percentage of apoptotic cell death for both MCF7 and T47D at 90 ± 0,8 % and 86 ± 0,7 % respectively. The potential of photodynamic therapy based on albumin-coated E.dulcis‘s chlorophyll as a biomaterial patch and organic photosensitizer in increasing the death of melanoma cell cancer is a significant outcome of this research.