Technological sovereignty and priorities of localization of production

Abstract

The current trend of global development is the strengthening of economic and geopolitical influence of countries that control transnational digital infrastructure. The claims of the United States and China to dominate the global economy are a challenge not only for Russia, but also for other countries that are not devoid of ambitions. Achieving digital sovereignty figures is among the goals of the European Union. India is striving to overcome digital colonization, the technological hegemony of the West and China. The article presents how the European Union and India move towards technological sovereignty. Since this sovereignty differs from autarky, it is an urgent task to develop a policy of participation in global value chains. Findings provided by METRO model (an OECD tool for analyzing global markets) focus on a broad diversification of foreign economic relations. The results of the shock test of the countries by the COVID-19 pandemic show that, although the countries with the largest income per capita are characterized by a high level of foreign trade activity, it is not a guarantee of sustainable economic development. National economy can be strongly negatively affected by supply chain disruptions. To resist foreign pressure, Russia needs to control a number of macro technologies that will dominate in the XXI century. Such general-purpose technology as artificial intelligence is beginning to play a significant role at that.