Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in a ferromagnetic superfluid: Effects of axial magnetization

Abstract

An easy-plane ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose gas undergoes two Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions, associated with mass and spin superfluidity, respectively. We study the effect of axial magnetization on the superfluid properties of this system. We find that nonzero axial magnetization couples mass and spin superflow, via a mechanism analogous to the Andreev-Bashkin effect present in two-component superfluids. With sufficiently large axial magnetization mass and spin superfluidity arise simultaneously. The crossover to this phase provides a finite-temperature generalization of the zero-temperature broken-axisymmetric to easy-axis transition. We present analytic relations connecting mass and spin superfluidity with experimentally observable coherence of the three spinor components and local magnetization.