Impact of Urban Greenspace Pattern Dynamics on Plant Diversity: A Case Study in Yangzhou, China

Abstract

Accelerating urbanization leads to the scarcity and fragmentation of greenspaces. Keeping biodiversity alive, i.e., enhancing greenspaces’ impacts on plant diversity in and around urban areas, is essential. This study evaluated greenspace patterns (GSPs) using landscape metrics, and calculated plant α- and β-diversity using field surveys. Bivariate correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations among plant α- and β-diversity and landscape metrics from 2009 to 2022. Significant models were selected using stepwise regression analysis and verified by comparing fitted and field values. The results indicate that α-diversity was primarily influenced by the number of patches, wetland landscape shape index and patch richness density, imperviousness of surfaces, and forest and grassland at the 100–1000 m scale. The correlation between GSPs and α-diversity weakened with an increase in scale. Current patch richness density, Shannon’s diversity index, Shannon’s evenness index, and percentage of impervious surface and wetland significantly influenced β-diversity at the 100–300 m scale. By contrast, β-diversity was influenced by greenspace patterns at the 300–1000 m scale. There was an observed positive correlation between GSPGSPs and β-diversity that strengthened as the scale increased. These findings highlight the scale-dependent legacy effects of GSPs on plant diversity, primarily driven by the landscape pattern characteristics of urban greenspaces and the diversity of plant groups. Therefore, prioritizing the protection of large green patches and establishing designated protected areas or points for on-site conservation are crucial strategies for urban plant diversity conservation.