Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of tardive syndromes

Abstract

Objective: To make evidence-based recommendations regarding management of tardive syn-dromes (TDS), including tardive dyskinesias (TDD), by addressing 5 questions: 1) Is withdrawal of dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs) an effective TDS treatment? 2) Does switching from typical to atypical DRBAs reduce TDS symptoms? 3) What is the efficacy of pharmacologic agents in treating TDS? 4) Do patients with TDS benefit from chemodenervation with botulinum toxin? 5) Do patients with TDS benefit from surgical therapy? Methods: PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched