Recent Advances in Phase-Shifting Digital Holography

Abstract

Principles of digital holography and its recent advances are described. It is based on digital recording of hologram and digital reconstruction by a computer. Hence 3-d distributions of both amplitude and phase of optical fields are obtained automatically and quantitatively. Issues due to much lower resolution of CCD's than photographic materials can be overcome by an in-line setup with phase-shift of the reference beam for delivering complex amplitude of the object wave. Basic principles and applications of this method are presented for microscopy, color holography, polarization analysis, and measurement of surface shape, deformation , and vibration. 1.•@ ‚Í ‚ ¶ ‚ß ‚É ƒf ƒB ƒW ƒ^ ƒ‹ ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB‚Í ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒ€ ‚ðŽÊ •^ ‚Ì'ã ‚í ‚è ‚ÉŽB 'oe 'f Žq ‚Å ‹L˜^‹L˜^ ‚µ,•Ä • ¶ ‚ðOEõ ‚Å ‚È ‚-OEv ŽZ ‹@ ‚Å•s ‚¤•û-@ ‚Å ‚ ‚é.•Å •‰ ‚Ì'ñ ˆÄ ‚Í1967"N ‚É ‚³‚© ‚Ì ‚Ú ‚邪1),'å •• ‚È•i •à ‚ð•‹ ‚° ‚½ ‚Ì ‚Í, 1990"N ˆÈ •~ ‚Ì OEÅ 'Ì ŽB 'oe 'f Žq ‚AEƒp ƒ\ ƒR ƒ" ‚Ì'å •• ‚È•‚•« "\‰» ‚AE•• ‹y ‚ÌOEã ‚Å ‚ ‚é2).2000"N ‚É"ü ‚é ‚AE, ‚±‚ê ‚ç‚Ì ‹@ Ší ‚Ì‹} OEƒ ‚È•i •à ‚É‚¢ ‚Á‚» ‚¤•G "-‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä˜_ • ¶ ‚à ‹} '• ‚µ,ŽÀ-p ‰» ‚à"-‚Á ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é.-{ ‰ð •à ‚Å ‚Í ƒf ƒBƒW ƒ^ƒ‹ ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB‚Ì •« "\ ‚ð'å ‚« ‚-OEü •ã ‚³‚¹ ‚½ˆÊ 'Š ƒV ƒt ƒgƒf ƒBƒW ƒ^ƒ‹ ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB3)‚ð' †•S ‚É ‚µ‚Ä,‚» ‚ÌŠî-{ OE´-OE´-•,3ŽŸ OE³ ‰ae 'oe ‚Ì "` '-‚AE•\ Ž¦, 3ŽŸ OE³ OE° "÷ ‹¾,•\-Ê OE`OE`•ó ‚â •Ï OE`OE`‚ÌOEv 'ª,•Î OEõ•ó 'Ô ‚ÌOEv 'ª ‚È ‚Ç‚Ö ‚Ì ‰ž-p ‚ð•q ‚× ‚é. 2.•@Šî-{ OE´-OE´-• ƒf ƒB ƒW ƒ^ ƒ‹ ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB‚Å ‚Í ƒOE •[ƒU •[ ‚Å•ì ‚ç‚ê ‚½•¨ 'Ì OEõ ‚AEŽQ •AE OEõ ‚Ì ŠÔ ‚ÌŠ± •Â ƒp ƒ^•[ ƒ"(ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒ€)‚ðCCD‚Å ‹L ˜^ ‚µ,OEv ŽZ ‹@ ‚ÉŽae ‚è•ž ‚ñ ‚Å ‰ñ•Ü OEv ŽZ ‚ð•s ‚Á‚Ä,3ŽŸ OE³ ‹ó ŠÔ "à ‚Ì "C ˆÓ ‚ÌˆÊ 'u ‚Å ‚Ì•U •• ‚AEˆÊ 'Š ‚Ì 'l ‚ð‹• ‚ß ‚é.•] ‚Á ‚Ä ŽÊ •^ ‚â "ñ •ü OE`OE`OE‹ •» ‚È ‚Ç‚Ì ‹L˜^‹L˜^ •Þ-¿ ‚ð-p ‚¢ ‚ÄOEõ ‚Å•Ä • ¶ ‚· ‚é •û-@ ‚É"ä ‚×,‹L˜^‹L˜^ Š´"Š´"x,‹@ "® •«,'è-Ê •« ‚ň³ "| "I ‚É•Ÿ ‚Á‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é.‚Ü ‚½OE‹ 'oe ƒOE ƒ"ƒY ‚Ì ‚È‚¢ ŠÈ •Ö ‚ÈOEõ Šw OEn ‚ðŽg ‚Á ‚Ä,‹@ ŠB "I ‚È"® ‚«‚Ì ‚È ‚¢ •" 'l "I ‚È•Å "_ '² •ß ‚É ‚ae ‚è,•U •• ‚AEˆÊ 'Š ‚Ì3ŽŸ OE³ •ª •z ‚ª "¾ ‚ç‚ê ‚é.‚³ ‚ç ‚É2ŽŸ OE³ ‚Ì ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ƒ€ •î •ñ ‚ð‰" •û ‚É'-•M ‚· ‚ê ‚Î,•ae •û ‚Å3ŽŸ OE³ •ª •z ‚ð Ž©-R ‚ÉOEv ŽZ ‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚ª ‚Å ‚«‚é.‚± ‚̈Ó-¡ ‚Å ƒf ƒB ƒW ƒ^ƒ‹ ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB‚Í3ŽŸ OE³ ‰ae 'oe ‚Ì• ¶ •¬ ‚AE"` '-‚¨‚ae‚Ñ‚¨‚ae‚Ñ Š± •Â OEv 'ª ‚É'å ‚«‚È"] ‹@ ‚ð'ñ ‚¢ ‚½ ‚AE‚¢ ‚¦ ‚é.OEõ Šw OEn ‚Ì ŠÈ 'f ‰» ‚AE‰ð •Í ‚Ì Ž©"® •E 'è-Ê ‰» ‚Í OEõ ‹Z •p ‚ÌŽÀ-p ‰» ‚Ì •d-v ‚ÈOE® ‚AE ‚È ‚Á‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é‚© ‚ç‚Å ‚ ‚é. ƒf ƒBƒW ƒ^ƒ‹ ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB‚Ì OEõ Šw OEn ‚É ‚Í ‚Ü‚¸ŽÊ‚Ü‚¸ŽÊ •^ ‹L˜^‹L˜^ ‚Ì •ê • ‡ ‚AE"¯ ‚ ¶ ‚-ŽQ •AE OEõ ‚AE•¨ 'Ì OEõ ‚Ì-â ‚ÉŠp "x ‚ð‚ ‚¯ ‚鎲 ŠO ‚µ (off-axis)"z 'u ‚ª-p ‚¢ ‚ç‚ê ‚½.‚± ‚ê ‚Í ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒ€ ‚© ‚ç‰ñ •Ü ‚³ ‚ê ‚é3Ží-Þ ‚ÌOEõ "g ‚ðOEÝ ‚¢ ‚ɉ¡ •û OEü ‚É•ª-£ ‚³‚¹ ‚é ‚½ ‚ß ‚Å ‚ ‚Á ‚½.‚µ ‚© ‚µCCD‚Ì ‰ð 'oe "x ‚Í2‰ae 'f •ª ‚Å10ƒÊm'O OEã ‚AEƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒBŠ£ " ‚É"ä ‚× ‚Ä-ñ2OE… 'á ‚¢ ‚½ ‚ß,Šp "x ‚ð•" "x ˆÈ ‰º ‚É-} ‚¦ ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚ª•K-v ‚AE‚È ‚é‚Ì ‚Å •¨ 'Ì ‚Ì 'å ‚«‚³‚ª '˜ ‚µ ‚-• § OEÀ ‚³‚ê ‚é.‚Ü ‚½•Ä • ¶ 'oe ‚É‚Í0ŽŸ 'oe ‚AE‹¤-ð 'oe ‚ª "¯Žž ‚É• ¶ ‚ ¶‚Äˆê ¶‚Ĉê 'è ‚Ì‰ae 'f-Ì ˆae ‚ð •è ‚ß ‚é ‚½ ‚ß ,Šî-{ "I ‚É‚ÍCCD‚Ì 'S ‰ae 'f •" ‚Ì1/9‚ª•Š-v ‚Ì•¨ 'Ì 'oe ‚ÉŽg ‚í‚ê ‚é ‚É‰ß ‚¬ ‚È‚¢.‚± ‚ê ‚É'Î ‚µ‚ÄˆÊ 'Š ƒV ƒt ƒgƒf ƒBƒW ƒ^ƒ‹ ƒzƒ•ƒOƒ‰ƒtƒB‚Å‚Í"¯Ž²(in-line) ‚Ì"z 'u ‚ðŽg ‚Á ‚Ä ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ƒ€ ‚Ì ‹ó ŠÔ Žü "g •" ‚ð'á ‚-} ‚¦ ‚é. ‚½ ‚¾ ‚µ‚» ‚Ì ‚Ü‚Ü ‚Ì•Ä • ¶ ‚Å ‚Í0ŽŸ 'oe ‚AE‹¤-ð 'oe ‚ª •d ‚È ‚Á‚Ä ‚-‚é ‚Ì ‚Å ‚» ‚ê ‚ð•Á ‚· ‚½ ‚ß ‚É,ŽQ •AE OEõ ‚ÌˆÊ‚ÌˆÊ 'Š ‚ð ƒV ƒt ƒg‚³‚¹ ‚Ä, •-‚È ‚-‚AE ‚à3-‡ ‚Ì ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒ€ ‚ð‹L˜^‚ð‹L˜^ ‚µ‚Ä•¨ 'Ì OEõ ‚Ì•¡ 'f •U •• ‚ð‹• ‚ß ‚é.ƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB‚Ì"-¾ "® ‹@ ‚Å ‚ ‚éOEõ ‚Ì•¡ 'f•U •• ‚ª ‹• ‚ß ‚ç‚ê ‚È ‚¢ ‚AE‚¢ ‚¤Ž-•î ‚ª,OEv ŽZ ‹@ ‚AEƒf ƒBƒW ƒ^ƒ‹ Š± •Â ‹Z •p ‚Ì•i •à ‚É ‚ae ‚Á‚Ä ‚¢ ‚Ü‚â ‰ð •Á ‚³‚ê ‚½ ‚AE‚¢ ‚¤ ‚± ‚AE ‚à‚Å ‚« ‚é.‚± ‚Ì•û-@ ‚É ‚ae‚ê ‚Î 'S ‰ae 'f •" ‚ª •Ä • ¶ 'oe ‚ÉŽg ‚í ‚ê ‚é ‚½ ‚ß ‚É,‚ae ‚è-Ç•D ‚ȉae Ž¿ ‚ª "¾ ‚ç‚ê ‚é. ‹¾-Ê ‚â ƒOE ƒ"ƒY ‚ÌOEŸ •¸ ‚ÉŽg ‚í‚ê ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é ƒf ƒBƒW ƒ^ƒ‹ Š± •Â-@ ‚AE‚Ì ŠÖOEW ‚Å ‚¢ ‚¦‚Î,Ž² ŠO ‚µƒz ƒ• ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒB‚É'Î ‰ž ‚· ‚é‚Ì ‚ª ƒt •[ ƒŠƒG •Ï Š·-@ ‚Å ‚ ‚è,-{-@ ‚ªˆÊ‚ªˆÊ 'Š ƒV ƒt ƒg-@ ‚É 'Î ‰ž ‚· ‚é.‚Ü ‚½•]-ˆ ‚Ì Š± •Â OEv 'ª ‚ª ŽB 'oe 'f Žq ‚É‹¤-ð ‚È•½-Ê •ã ‚Å ‚Ì 358 ƒOE •[ ƒU •[ OE¤ ‹ †2007"N6OEŽ