Review on the clustering behavior in aqueous solutions

Abstract

Studies on clustering characteristics in aqueous solutions have increased considerably in the past decades. Accurate knowledge of the clustering behavior of molecules or ions is the basis for understanding the anomalous properties in aqueous solutions, as well as for their applications in environmental engineering, energy utilization, and separation process. In this study, we primarily review the relevant experimental and simulation studies as well as modeling approaches of clustering behavior in aqueous solutions, including the structural characteristics, cluster populations, anomalous properties, and modern modeling approaches. A more detailed and in-depth understanding of clustering structures and distributions can be available by using molecular simulation combined with the spectra data. The clustering population, part of thermodynamic properties, and anomalous properties due to the clustering in aqueous solutions can be obtained by using modeling approaches coupled with experimental studies. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and perspectives for future research on the clustering behavior in aqueous solutions.