Perceptions of Jews in the Qur’an: A Critical Examination of Hamka’s Tafsir al-Azhar

Abstract

Anti-Jewish sentiment remains a global concern, often linked to religious interpretations. In Indonesia, despite the small number of Jews, their presence has become more visible, though they continue to face limitations due to the lack of state recognition and Islamic hegemony. The Qur’an contains numerous verses referencing Jews, some of which are perceived as fostering negative stereotypes. This article critically examines Hamka’s Tafsir al­Azhar, using a textual-analytical approach to explore his interpretation of these verses. Hamka portrays Jews as historically deceitful and hostile toward Islam, but he also warns against generalizing such traits to all Jews. Notably, his exegesis echoes themes of Zionist conspiracy, suggesting Jewish control over global finance and politics. While reflecting his sociopolitical context, Hamka’s commentary raises important questions about religious interpretation, prejudice, and the boundaries of Islamic exclusivism.