Modularized cyber-physical system as an enabler of interoperable and collective approach for responsive cities

Abstract

This paper discusses the relevance between the sustainable built environment and cyber-physical system (CPS) that are now surrounding us. Previous research suggests that CPS has the potential to enhance the performance to achieve SDGs. However, from the aspect of open building theory, there exist the problems to be solved, such as 1) restricted accessibility, 2) invisible intervention, and 3) difficulty in local customization. The paper discusses the approaches that could solve or at least mitigate the problems. Those are; 1) modularity of cyberspace that clarify accessibility by the specific social entity, 2) transparent inter-connection, and 3) context description & adaptability enhancement by interoperable modules. The paper indicates the principles of responsive cities; those are 1) fair access to the benefits generated by digital brain 2) strictly protected privacy of citizens 3) diversity by an adaptive combination to the context 4) easiness and incentive for new entrants and entrepreneurs. The principles can be satisfied by a dis-centralized system that is supported by the approaches above.