Fat embolism syndrome

Abstract

The characteristics of fat embolism syndrome (FES), and the complications occurring in fractures of long bones or pelvic bones are considered. Clinical picture classically develops after "lucid space", then appear pulmonary and neurological manifestations combined with petechial hemorrhage. Basic theories of FES pathophysiology are analyzed. Early signs are likely to be caused by mechanic vascular occlusion by fat globules. Vascular occlusions in FES are frequently temporary or partial as fat globules block capillary blood flow incompletely due to their flowability and deformity. The diagnosis is made based on clinical presentations using A.R. Gurd's criteria (1970). Laboratory and instrumental methods are used for clinical diagnosis confirmation or therapy monitoring. The treatment is aimed mainly at supporting respiratory function and hemodynamics stabilization. Prevention, early diagnosis and adequate symptomatic treatment are of primary importance.