Prognostic factors and treatment comparison in early-stage small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Abstract

Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCCUC) is rare and its biologic behavior is aggressive. To analyze prognostic factors and determine optimal therapy in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB1-IIA SCCUC, we retrospectively reviewed 96 patients (14 patients treated in our center and 82 patients identified by a search on PubMed) treated with radical surgery (SU), surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy (SU+Chemo), or surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (SU+Chemo+RT) between 1990 and 2010. Of the 96 patients, 11 patients were treated with SU, 33 with SU+Chemo, and 52 with SU+Chemo+RT. The 5-year survival rate for the 96 patients was 45%. A total of 6% (2/32) of patients had local recurrence, 75% (24/32) had distant metastases, and 19% (6/32) had both. The 5-year survival rate in stage IB1 and IB2-IIA disease was 58 and 34%, respectively (P=0.049). For patients with and without lymph node metastases (LNM), survival was 33 and 60%, respectively (P=0.045). Patients with inner 1/3 stromal invasion had a better survival than those with deep stromal invasion (DSI) (100 vs. 34%, P=0.003). Survival was not significantly different in patients treated with the above three modalities, albeit treatment selection was related to LNM (P=0.000) and DSI (P=0.027). Thus, FIGO stage, LNM and DSI are significant predictors of survival. Adjuvant therapy after SU has not improved survival compared with surgery alone. Thus, newer multimodality therapy should be evaluated.