Performance of Vetiver Oil Extraction by Ultrasonication and Soxhletation Methods

Abstract

This study aims to extract vetiver oil by alternative extraction methods, namely ultrasonic extraction and soxhlet extraction. The performance of both extraction methods is compared based on the effect of extraction operation conditions with yield and quality parameters of vetiver oil produced. The quality of vetiver oil was determined and compared with SNI 06- 2386-2006. The specified quality parameters are color, odor, density, refractive index, and solubility in 95% ethanol. The composition of compounds in vetiver oil was identified by GC-MS method (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results showed that ultrasonic extraction performed more effectively than soxhlet extraction. The ultrasonic extraction and soxhlet extraction gave an oil yield of 3.98±0.58% and 3.95±0.81%. In the extraction with ultrasonic aid performed in extraction time about 3/10 times shorter and solvent consumption about 2/3 times less compared with soxhlet extraction. In terms of quality, vetiver oil from ultrasonic extraction has eligible with the quality standard according to SNI 06-2386-2006 based on the test parameter. The GC-MS showed that vetiver oil from ultrasonic extraction composed of the mayor compounds of khusenic acid (36.40%), zierone (13.89%), nootkatone (1.92%), γ-selinene (1.57%), α-vetivone (1.43%), isolongifolene (1.32%), δ-cadinene (0.86%), and khusimene (0.64%).