PSA after radiotherapy: PSA bounce and biochemical failure

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the major health problems in the world. Active surveillance (AS), radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) options can be selected in patients with localized prostate cancer according to risk groups. RT can be given as external beam therapy (EBT) or as brachytherapy (BRT). EBT can be delivered by three-dimensional conformal RT (3BKRT) or intensity modulated RT (IMRT) with conventional fractionation, hypofractionated RT (HFRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT) and proton treatment. High-dose rate (HDR) or low-dose rate (LDR) BRT can be used as a sole treatment modality or as a combined treatment modality with EBT. Treatment success after local treatment is often evaluated by "biochemical failure." Approximately one-third of patients undergoing RP and 20-30% of patients treated with EBT and hormonal treatment show local recurrence or biochemical failures.