Cardiac Rehabilitation in Metabolic Syndrome: An Update Review

Abstract

Mortality due to cardiovascular disease is dramatically increasing worldwide. In Europe, the rate of mortality has reached 39% and 47% in females and males, respectively. Metabolic syndrome is preventable with a healthy lifestyle including body weight management. Although exercise interventions are an important and cost-effective therapy for preventing metabolic syndrome or miti-gating the adverse effects of metabolic syndrome, there are limited data on cardiac rehabilitation interventions for metabolic syndrome. This review presents the current evidence regarding cardiac rehabilitation interventions in patients with metabolic syndrome. We conducted literature research on electronic databases including PubMed and MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EMBASE to derive evi-dence-based, up-to-date information. We preferred novel articles for writing this review. Metabolic syndrome can be prevented and/or delayed with lifestyle modification. Cardiac rehabilitation in metabolic syndrome includes exercise therapy, lifestyle modification, and physical activity counsel-ing. Lifestyle modification and cardiac rehabilitation may increase the efficacy of other treatments. According to literature, cardiac rehabilitation is an effective, safe, and cost-effective strategy in metabolic syndrome. Cardiac rehabilitation can delay/prevent not only metabolic syndrome but also metabolic syndrome-related complications.