Buildability modeling of 3D-printed concrete including printing deviation: A stochastic analysis

Abstract

Owing to the formwork-free construction, 3D concrete printing shows great prospects in construction industry. However, this manner also results in non-verified geometric precision, which is prone to generate uncontrolled printing deviations between the actual and designed print paths. To include this in buildability modeling, a process-dependent stochastic method is proposed based on the characteristics of the 3D printing process. Then, a stochastic analysis procedure is developed by Monte Carlo simulation and verified by the 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) cylinder test. Finally, the verified method is applied to the stochastic analysis of 3DPC buildability modeling. By studying two structural shapes and four correlation times, a clear understanding of the influence of printing deviation as well as guidances for the design of 3D printing process are obtained.