The acute myeloid leukemia variant DNMT3A Arg882His is a DNMT3B-like enzyme

Abstract

We have previously shown that the highly prevalent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mutation, Arg882His, in DNMT3A disrupts its cooperative mechanism and leads to reduced enzymatic activity, thus explaining the genomic hypomethylation in AML cells. However, the underlying cause of the oncogenic effect of Arg882His in DNMT3A is not fully understood. Here, we discovered that DNMT3A WT enzyme under conditions that favor non-cooperative kinetic mechanism as well as DNMT3A Arg882His variant acquire CpG flanking sequence preference akin to that of DNMT3B, which is non-cooperative. We tested if DNMT3A Arg882His could preferably methylate DNMT3B-specific target sites in vivo. Rescue experiments in Dnmt3a/3b double knockout mouse embryonic stem cells show that the corresponding Arg878His mutation in mouse DNMT3A severely impairs its ability to methylate major satellite DNA, a DNMT3A-preferred target, but has no overt effect on the ability to methylate minor satellite DNA, a DNMT3B-preferred target. We also observed a previously unappreciated CpG flanking sequence bias in major and minor satellite repeats that is consistent with DNMT3A and DNMT3B specificity suggesting that DNA methylation patterns are guided by the sequence preference of these enzymes. We speculate that aberrant methylation of DNMT3B target sites could contribute to the oncogenic potential of DNMT3A AML variant.