Brain Oxygenation and Metabolism Monitoring in Acute Brain Injury: Review on Current Trends and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Acute brain injury (ABI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Secondary brain injury, a key modifiable determinant of neurological outcome, arises not only from elevated intracranial pressure but also from impaired cerebral oxygenation and metabolism. As a result, comprehensive monitoring strategies have gained increasing attention. This review outlines current trends in the monitoring of brain oxygenation and metabolism in ABI, covering both invasive and non-invasive modalities, and highlights key clinical milestones.