Ethical Use of Wearable Device Data in Occupational Settings: Perspectives From the Fire Service

Abstract

Objective Despite interest in using wearable technology to improve firefighter health and safety, there is little evidence on data privacy preferences in the fire service. Methods We conducted interviews and focus groups with career firefighters and fire department and union leaders in Maryland and Virginia and with national-level leaders (March to November 2023). Results We conducted 4 focus groups and 35 interviews (65 participants). Leaders were optimistic about using wearable data to help firefighters obtain benefits, improve safety, conduct prevention, and advance administrative priorities. Firefighters described tradeoffs between safety and autonomy, privacy, and job status. Firefighters opposed using wearables on calls, whereas leadership was supportive. Participants identified implementation barriers and conditions for ethical implementation of wearables. Conclusions Wearable data could protect health and safety but must be utilized in a way that respects autonomy and privacy preferences.