Comparative Study of Acoustic Materials for Sound Absorption in Anechoic Chambers

Abstract

This study explores the sound absorption capabilities of different materials in an anechoic chamber through a combined approach of simulation modeling and experimental testing. As the demand for quieter spaces grows whether in consumer products or industrial settings understanding how materials perform acoustically has become increasingly important. In this research, three commonly used materials polyurethane (PU) foam, felt cloth, and glass wool were tested across a frequency range of 125 to 2500 Hz. To simulate real-world acoustic environments, wedge-shaped absorbers were designed following Leo Beranek’s low-frequency optimization guidelines. Experimental measurements of the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) were conducted using the Transfer Function Method in an impedance tube setup. In parallel, Simulation SAC values were predicted using the JCA Model in Ansys, which accounts for factors like material density, porosity, and flow resistivity. The results reveal that felt cloth is particularly effective at absorbing lower-frequency sounds (125–500 Hz), while PU foam and glass wool outperform in higher-frequency ranges (1000–2500 Hz). All three materials exhibited an upward trend in SAC with increasing frequency. A side-by-side comparison of experimental and theoretical data shows strong agreement, especially for felt cloth, which recorded the lowest deviation—making it a reliable material for acoustic modeling. These findings provide useful guidance for selecting effective materials in designing anechoic chambers and other noise-sensitive environments, enabling more efficient noise control and better acoustic performance.