Luddism, Machine-Breaking and the Swing Riots

  • Griffin C
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Abstract

If the eighteenth century in England was the age of the riot, the early decades of the nineteenth century might usefully be labelled as the age of machine breaking. Between 1811 and 1830, several extraordinarily intensive waves of machine breaking swept both rural and urban England alike. Against popular misconceptions, such protests – including the Luddite movement of 1811-12, the Bread or Blood riots of 1816, and the Swing quasi-insurrection of 1830 – tended not to oppose technological innovation but rather challenged the ways in which machinery impacted upon labour and wider social relations. Further, the paper shows that machine breaking, especially in the countryside, had a deeper history going back into the late seventeenth century. It also argues that the history of machine breaking in Wales and Scotland has received remarkably little scholarly attention, something the paper begins to address.  Si le XVIIIe siècle anglais a été l’ère des émeutes, les premières décennies du XIXe siècle pourraient être qualifiées d’âge du bris de machines. Entre 1811 et 1830, plusieurs vagues extraordinairement intenses de bris de machines ont balayé l’Angleterre des campagnes et des villes. Contrairement aux idées reçues, ces manifestations - notamment le mouvement luddite de 1811-1812, les Bread/Blood riots de de 1816 et la quasi-insurrection de 1830 connue sous le terme de Swing riots - ne s’opposaient pas à l’innovation technologique, mais remettaient plutôt en question l’impact des machines sur le travail et les relations sociales au sens large. En outre, l’article montre que le bris de machines, en particulier à la campagne, a une histoire plus profonde qui remonte à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Il affirme également que l’histoire du bris de machines au pays de Galles et en Écosse a été relativement délaissé par les chercheurs, manque que l’article commence à combler.

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APA

Griffin, C. J. (2025). Luddism, Machine-Breaking and the Swing Riots. Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.4000/133dc

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