Periodontitis Frequently Exists in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma and Causes Supplementary Impairment of Insulin Resistance

Abstract

Background: There are known associations between periodontitis and colorectal cancer, but knowledge on the connections existing between the two are not fully understood. The aim of our study was to assess prevalence and clinical severity of periodontitis in patients with localized colorectal cancer. Secondly, the dynamics of metabolic derangements, particularly glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus were studied as well. Methods: Diagnostic procedures included endoscopies with patohistology, laboratory exams, the insulin resistance homeostatic model assessment method (HOMA index), anthropometrics, and radiology imaging. Periodontal status was evaluated by full-mouth periodontal examination. Results: A total of 79 patients with localized colorectal carcinoma, with slight male predominance of 55.7%, and an age of 65.7 ± 12.4 years participated in this study. Three-quarters of patients (73.4%; 95% CI: 63.0–82.2%) were diagnosed with periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis and colorectal cancer had significantly increased glucose levels (fasting and after oral glucose challenge), (both p < 0.05). Also, increased values of the HOMA index were found in patients with periodontitis vs. controls (without periodontitis) and colorectal cancer; 6.38 ± 5.74 vs. 3.58 ± 2.6 (p = 0.012); Spearman’s Rho correlation coefficient = 0.271 (p = 0.039). There were significant differences in high-density cholesterol in patients with periodontitis vs. controls, 1.41 ± 0.28 vs. 1.23 ± 0.35 mmol/L (p = 0.016), but correlations were insignificant; Rho c.c. = 0.045 (p = 0.738). Conclusions: The most consorted connections between periodontitis and colorectal cancer were found among parameters of metabolic domain, especially glucose concentrations and insulin resistance. Further studies, which would include novel and emerging antidiabetic treatments and their effects on the prevention or control of both diseases, would be warranted.