Epistemological Approach to the “Visual Perception” Concept Applied to Medicine

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the limitations of human visual perception, compare them with the visual adaptations of other species, and explore how technological advancements—such as artificial intelligence, medical imaging, and augmented reality—have improved medical diagnostics and surgical precision. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted, incorporating comparative analyses of visual perception across species, including frogs, dragonflies, and humans. The study evaluated the role of advanced imaging technologies, artificial intelligence-based diagnostics, and digital image processing tools in overcoming the limitations of biological vision. Selection criteria for species comparisons were based on functional adaptations and their relevance to medical imaging applications. Results: Findings indicate that species-specific visual adaptations are optimized for survival rather than accuracy. Human vision, while advanced, is inherently constrained by physiological and neurological limitations. However, medical imaging technologies, including fluorescence-guided surgery, histology, and AI-assisted diagnostics, have significantly enhanced the precision of visual interpretation in clinical settings. The integration of computational tools, such as Adobe Photoshop for forensic and radiological analysis, further refines image accuracy and medical decision-making. Conclusion: The interplay between biological vision and technological advancements underscores the necessity of integrating artificial intelligence and advanced imaging in medical practice. Future research should focus on optimizing these technologies to further enhance diagnostic accuracy, surgical precision, and clinical outcomes, ultimately pushing the boundaries of human visual perception.