Mycoplasma infection mimicking a malignancy in a waldenstrom macroglobulinemia patient

Abstract

Background: Mycoplasma hominis infection is common in urinary tract. 18F-FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool for tumor and infection diagnosis. Few studies have shown the 18F-FDG-PET/CT images after mycoplasma infection. Case presentation: Here we described a case of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia with thickened bladder wall. The 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed the SUVmax up to 36.1 mimicking bladder cancer. The results of histopathological examination and metagenomic sequencing of the blood and urinary revealed the Mycoplasma hominis infection. Conclusion: The full consideration should be given to the possibility of infection besides tumor in lesions with high SUV value in 18F-FDG-PET/CT, especially in immunodeficiency patients.