THE PENETRATION OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT INTO THE REALMS OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS

Abstract

Ground improvement as a means for allowing the replacement of piled foundations with shallow footings is systematically being used by engineers for many decades. Some ground improvement techniques that are installed by piling rigs and include cementituous columnar rigid inclusions makes it difficult to distinguish where ground improvement ends and deep piled foundations commence. This paper assists the geotechnical engineer by reviewing the concepts of rigid inclusions, how they differ with piles, and presenting of case studies of very deep applications of rigid inclusions.