Development of IoT-Based Real-Time Fire Detection System Using Raspberry Pi and Fisheye Camera

Abstract

In this study, an IoT-based fire detection system was developed to detect and prevent damage from forest fires at an early stage. In Korea, forest fires spread quickly due to the dry climate and winds in spring and autumn, so quick detection and prevention is necessary. To quickly detect and prevent forest fires that occur periodically, a real-time fire detection system was developed by combining a Raspberry Pi and a fisheye camera. A lens with a 220° angle of view was installed, and an image analysis algorithm was implemented using the OpenCV library. The location of the fire was estimated by calculating the polar coordinates of the omnidirectional images. Using the Wi-Fi communication function of the Raspberry Pi, the acquired continuous images were transmitted to the Firebase database, and the images were analyzed to identify the movement path of the forest fire. The developed system was applied to a mountainous area near the Samcheok Campus of Kangwon National University. As a result of the experiment, when the location of points about 25.9 m (average) away from the observation point was predicted, the positional error was analyzed to be about 1.1 m. If the system is improved in the future, it is expected that it will be able to contribute to the early prevention of forest fires with fast and accurate responses.