Transient Budd-Chiari syndrome as an unpredictable complication of supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava reconstruction after blunt thoracic trauma: A case report

Abstract

Rationale: Supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC) injury due to blunt thoracic trauma is extremely rare. Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is also rare and presents with ascites, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, leg swelling, and jaundice. Its etiology is diverse, and it is rarely caused by trauma. Patient concerns: A 36-year-old man with blunt trauma from a traffic accident presented with chest pain. Chest computed (CT) and emergency surgery with CPB revealed completely transected supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC), which reconstruction was essential. Diagnoses:BCS caused by impaired hepatic venous drainage through a reconstructed neo-IVC after severe blunt trauma injury to the supradiaphragmatic IVC was diagnosed. Intervention: Hepatic failure, ascites, leg swelling, and jaundice were resolved post-insertion of a veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (V-V ECMO) for hepatic venous drainage, but these clinical symptoms reappeared after ECMO removal. Outcome: The patient died from rapidly progressing sepsis, pneumonia, and acute renal failure during repeated insertion of ECMO and weaning off ECMO. Lessons: Reconstructing and improving the patency of the supradiaphragmatic IVC is essential for successful hepatic venous drainage. Additionally, a surgical strategy focused on graft selection can prevent kinking stenosis, and possibly BCS, especially in emergency surgeries. A ring-supported synthetic graft should be considered an alternative to improve long-term patency and survival rate.