Novel ATL1 mutation in a Chinese family with hereditary spastic paraplegia: A case report and review of literature

Abstract

BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) refer to a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases characterized by lower limbs spasticity and weakness. So far, over 72 genes have been found to cause HSP (SPG1-SPG72). Among autosomal dominant HSP patients, spastic paraplegia 4 (SPG4/SPAST) gene is the most common pathogenic gene, and atlastin-1 (ATL1) is the second most common one. Here we reported a novel ATL1 mutation in a Chinese spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) family, which expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of ATL1 mutations. CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy with progressive spastic paraplegia accompanied by right hearing loss and mental retardation for five years was admitted to our hospital. Past history was unremarkable. The family history was positive, and his grandfather and mother had similar symptoms. Neurological examinations revealed hypermyotonia in his lower limbs, hyperreflexia in knee reflex, bilateral positive Babinski signs and scissors gait. The results of blood routine test, liver function test, blood glucose test, ceruloplasmin test and vitamin test were all normal. The serum lactic acid level was significantly increased. The testing for brainstem auditory evoked potential demonstrated that the right side hearing was impaired while the left was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild atrophy of the spinal cord. The gene panel test revealed that the proband carried an ATL1 c.752A > G p.Gln251Arg (p.Q251R) mutation, and Sanger sequencing confirmed the existence of family co-segregation. CONCLUSION We reported a novel ATL1 Q251R mutation and a novel clinical phenotype of hearing loss in a Chinese SPG3A family.