A Principal Component Analysis to detect cancer cell line aggressiveness

Abstract

In this paper, we propose the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a new post-processing method for the detection of breast and bone cancer cell lines cultured in vitro using a microwave biosensor. MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and SaOS-2 and 143B osteosarcoma cell lines were characterized using a circular patch resonator in the 1 MHz - 3 GHz frequency range. The return loss of each cancer cell line was analyzed, and the differences among each other were determined through Principal Component Analysis according to a protocol previously proposed mainly for electrocardiogram processing and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results showed that the four cancer cell lines analyzed exhibited peculiar dielectric properties when compared to each other and to the growth medium, confirming that PCA could be employed as an alternative methodology to analyze microwave characterization of cancer cell lines which, in turn, may be deeply exploited as a tool for the detection of cancer cells in healthy tissues.