Momentos de inovação em psicoterapia: Das narrativas aos processos dialógicos

Abstract

Departing from Frank's (1961) proposal that psychotherapeutic change involves change in meanings, we suggest that meanings are organized into narratives, and that narratives have authors (I-positions according to Hermans) that are actively telling their stories. To study change in psychotherapy, according to these assumptions, the Innovative Moment Coding System was created, which provides a systematic and reliable method for the identification of the novelties emerging in psychotherapy sessions, which we call innovative moments (IMs). These innovative moments emerge in successful psychotherapy and disrupt the dominance of the problematic self-narratives that brought the client to therapy, thus allowing for new I-positions to come to the foreground and tell stories that are outside the scope of the former problematic self-narratives. After describing this coding system, we present a model of psychotherapeutic change and a model of therapeutic stability grounded on the empirical results obtained until now. From here we explore two main questions: (1) Which processes block the development of innovative moments from the middle of the therapy to the end, particularly the emergence of reconceptualization? (2) Why is reconceptualization so central in the change process?