Depression and associated factors among patients with common eye diseases at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Depression is a common mental illness that negatively affects quality of life and is often comorbid with chronic medical conditions. Limited evidence exists on its burden among patients with eye diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression in patients with eye diseases and explore contributing factors, highlighting the link between depression and ocular conditions. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 24 to April 24, 2023, at the Tertiary Eye Clinic of the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sample of 561 participants was recruited, and 557 completed the survey (99.3% response rate). Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Result: The prevalence of depression was 44.3% (95% CI: 40.3–48.5%). Factors significantly associated with depression included being widowed, poor social support, severe visual impairment, treatment duration > 4 years, diabetes mellitus, and current alcohol use. Conclusion: Depression was highly prevalent among patients with eye diseases in this setting. Routine screening and psychosocial support should be integrated into ophthalmic care to improve patient outcomes.