Stevens — Johnson syndrome

Abstract

Aim: to assess morbidity pattern and clinical features of Stevens — Johnson syndrome (SJS) in patients of the Department of Allergy of City Clinical Hospital No. 21 (Ufa) in 2008–2018. Patients and Methods: 10-year retrospective analysis of SJS morbidity in City Clinical Hospital No. 21 was performed. 147 patients (54 men (37%) and 93 women (63%)) were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 46.65±1.4 years. Diagnosis was verified by complex examination including history taking, general examination, laboratory and instrumental tests (complete blood count, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, electrocardiography, chest X-ray). Results: 133 patients (91%) were diagnosed with SJS and 14 patients (9%) with Lyell’s syndrome. The symptoms were induced by viral infections (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus) in 23 patients (15.6%) and various drugs in 94 patients (64%). In 30 patients (20.4%), the cause was unknown. Among 94 patients in whom SJS was induced by drugs, 6 patients taken several medications, therefore, causative drug was not identified. SJS was initiated by antibiotics in 35 patients (37%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 14 patients (15%), antivirals in 6 patients (6%), anticonvulsants in 5 patients (5%), antihypertensives in 5 patients (5%), analgesics in 4 patients (4%), vitamins in 4 patients (4%), iodine-containing drugs in 3 patients (3%), and other drugs in 1 patient (1%). Conclusion: SJS is more common in women than in men. In most cases, triggering factors for SJS and Lyell’s syndrome are medications as well as viral and bacterial causative agents. In most cases, SJS occurs in response to drugs, i.e., NSAIDs and antibiotics.